Kaedah Memasak

KAEDAH MEMASAK

PERBEZAAN PERALATAN ANTARA TATASAJIAN CINA DAN MELAYU

PERALATAN	TATASAJIAN CINA	TATASAJIAN MELAYU
MEJA	Menggunakan meja bulat dan hidangan diletakkan dibahagian tengah meja yang boleh berpusing yang dinamakan lazy susan Meja bulat boleh menampung 4-10 org.	Meja atau saprah digunakan untuk mengalas sajian Makan menggunakan tangan kanan
KUTLERI	Chopstick	Pisau makan
GLASSWARE	Cawan teh cina Teko teh	Jag air sejuk gelas minuman

KEGUNAAN PERALATAN

•  Napkin 
• Piring utama                
• Mangkuk sup
• Piring roti dan mentega dengan pisau roti      
• Gelas air
• Anggur putih
• Anggur merah
• Garpu ikan
• Garpu utama
• Garpu salad
• Pisau utama
• Pisau ikan
• Senduk sup
• Senduk makanan pencuci mulut dan garfu kuih

CIRI HASIL MAKANAN BAGI KAEDAH TERSEBUT

KAEDAH MEMASAK	CIRI HASIL MAKANAN
Menggoreng kering	·         Masakan kering dan garing seperti kerisik, bijan goreng, dan kacang goreng.
Menggoreng tohor	·         Makanan kelihatan berminyak.
Menggoreng dalam minyak penuh	·         Makanan tenggelam dalam minyak panas dan dimasak sama rata. ·         Makanan berminyak.
Mengukus	·         Mengukur secara langsung: - bentuk makanan kekal. - tekstur lembut. - tidak bermiyak. - warna pucat. - makanan adalah lembap - mengukus secara tidak langsung: ·         Tekstur makanan menjadi lembut dan berkuah. Contoh sup herba,bubus,dan sarang burung.
Merebus	·         Lembut dan lembap. ·         Masakan banyak mengandungi cecair. ·         Tidak berminyak.
Mereneh	·         Makanan mudah dimakan kerana lembut. ·         Menjimatkan kos kerana menggunakan potongan daging liat yang lebih murah. ·         Sesuai untuk sayuran berubi.
Merendidih	·         Makanan lembut dan berkuah
Mencelur	·         Sayuran berdaun hijau menjadi lembut masih kekal tekstur ranggup buah tomato dicelur mudah dibuang kulitnya.

Kuih tempatan perlu dibungkus dengan bahan pembungkus yang sesuai

1. Untuk bekas, simpanan atau jualan
2. Bahan yang mudah didapati
3. Penggunaan surat khabar atau kertas bercetak adalah tidak sesuai kerana bahan cetakan akan mencemarkan makanan yang dibungkus
4. Bungkusan makanan yang menarik dan seterusnya dapat membuka selera untuk menikmati makanan.

Sumber bahan utama dan kaedah kuih tempatan tersebut

JENIS KUIH	BAHAN UTAMA	KAEDAH
Onde-onde	Tepung pulut, gula melaka, kelapa	Merebus
Kuih lapis	Tepung beras	Mengukus
Ketayap	Tepung gandum, kelapa	Menggoreng
Kuih keria	Tepung beras, kelapa	Membakar
Bingka tepung beras	Tepung beras, kelapa	Membakar
Abuk-abuk	Sagu, kelapa	Mengukus
Kuih badak	Keledek, kelapa	Menggoreng
Pulut panggang	Beras pulut, kelapa	Memanggang
Puding sagu	Sagu, kelapa, gula melaka	Mengukus

Proforma

Adjectives - Superlative Adjectives

A superlative adjective expresses the extreme or highest degree of a quality. We use a superlative adjective to describe the extreme quality of one thing in a group of things.
In the example below, "biggest" is the superlative form of the adjective "big":

A B C A is the biggest.

In this lesson we will look first at how we make superlative adjectives, and then at how we use them:

• Formation of Superlative Adjectives
• Use of Superlative Adjectives

We can use superlative adjectives when talking about three or more things (not two things).

Adjective - Adjective Order & Comparative Adjectives

Adjective Order

There are 2 basic positions for adjectives:

1. before the noun
2. after certain verbs (be, become, get, seem, look, feel, sound, smell, taste)

		adj.	noun	verb	adj.
1	I like	big	cars.
2			My car	is	big.

In this lesson we look at the position of adjectives in a sentence, followed by a quiz to check your understanding:

• Adjective before noun
• Adjective after certain verbs 
• Adjective order quiz 

Comparative Adjectives
When we talk about two things, we can "compare" them. We can see if they are the same or different. Perhaps they are the same in some ways and different in other ways. We can use comparative adjectives to describe the differences.

We can use comparative adjectives when talking about two things (not three or more things). In the example below, "bigger" is the comparative form of the adjective "big":

A1 A2 A1 is bigger than A2.

Adjectives - Determiners

Determiners are words like the, an, my, some. They are grammatically similar. They all come at the beginning of noun phrases, and usually we cannot use more than one determiner in the same noun phrase.

Articles:

• a, an, the

Possessive Adjectives:

• my, your, his, her, its, our, their, whose

Other determiners:

• each, every
• either, neither
• some, any, no
• much, many; more, most
• little, less, least
• few, fewer, fewest
• what, whatever; which, whichever
• both, half, all
• several
• enough

ADJECTIVES

An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun. (By "noun" we include pronouns and noun phrases.)
An adjective "qualifies" or "modifies" a noun (a big dog).
Adjectives can be used before a noun (I like Chinese food) or after certain verbs (It is hard).

We can often use two or more adjectives together (a beautiful young French lady).

Determiners
the, a/an, this, some, any

Adjective Order
beautiful, long, dark brown

Comparative Adjectives
richer, more exciting

Superlative Adjectives
the richest, the most exciting

Gradable and Non-gradable Adjectives

see also:

Noun as Adjective
coffee cup, bus station, research centre

***** 

It is sometimes said that the adjective is the enemy of the noun. This is because, very often, if we use the precise noun we don't need an adjective. For example, instead of saying "a large, impressive house" (2 adjectives + 1 noun) we could simply say "a mansion" (1 noun).

ISL 9

Writing Different Text Types

Breaking Up (Narrative essay)

          When you are in high school, six months can feel like forever. Just remember back to a week before graduation and how slow those last few days moved. I know it is hard to imagine but I dated someone for two and a half years. Although there have been many life defining moments, breaking up with Ben was by far the biggest challenge I have ever had to face. My ability to move past him impacted my life in ways you cannot imagine.

          Ben and I met in the summer of ninety-nine during a family vacation. At that moment I felt what it was like to have butterflies in my stomach and the racing heart when his eyes caught my own. I felt as if I were Winnie from, The Wonder Years, waiting for Kevin to express his true feelings. Due to each of our encounters, I fell harder and harder for him and he did the same. For the first year, I felt nothing could go wrong, yet I was oblivious.

          Ben and I embarked on a two year relationship based on fighting and lack of trust. It became more of a chore, rather than a choice, to be together. There were too many nights of tears, rather than smiles. It is incredible how someone can be everything you want but can’t be at the same time. After way to long I realized that I no longer longed to be with Ben. I became dependent on Ben to make me happy. I needed him to be there all the time. 

          When Ben and I realized what it was we had become, I made the decision to leave behind that part of my life. It was that single conversation that changed my life dramatically. I realized after my decision how far from God I really had drifted. I now know that true happiness comes from within a person, not based on another individual. 

 

The Human Body (Descriptive essay)

The human body is made up of a number of different systems. Each system has a separate function, but some work together.

          One system is the skeleton, which serves to support the body and protect the internal organs. The respiratory system enables us to breathe and take oxygen into the blood, which moves around the body by means of the circulatory system. The digestive system enables us to take in food needed for growth. Waste matter is ejected from the body by means of the urinary system. The nervous system controls the other systems and enables human beings to think. 

          The endocrine system consists of various glands, such as the thyroid, sex and adrenal glands. The function of these glands is to secrete chemicals, known as hormones, into the blood. These hormones control various processes in the body, such as growth, sexual activities and digestion.

          Each system is made up of organs. The lungs, for example, are part of the respiratory system. The heart is an organ in the circulatory system. The liver functions as part of the digestive system and other systems. 

Every organ is composed of several kinds of tissue. Epithelial tissue, which includes the skin, forms a covering over organs. Connective tissue supports and holds together parts of the body and includes bone and cartilage. Other types of tissue include nerve tissue and blood tissue. 

          All tissue consists of cells. These are so small that they are measured in thousandths of a millimeter and can only be seen with a microscope. Each cell is covered with a thin membrane which surrounds a nucleus, and a jelly-like substance, called cytoplasm. This in turn contains minute particles, each with its own special function.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN OF THE TEXT-TYPES

Narrative essay	Descriptive essay
• Narrative writing is from the authors point of view. So, it’s like: 'I thought the view out of the window was very pretty' or 'Maybe i shouldn’t have done that!'	• Descriptive writing is describing things as they are without a point of view. Like: 'The sun was shining, making the day very hot' or 'If you looked out of the window you could see the village church'.
• The narrative essay you use your point of view to tell the story.	• The descriptive you describe the person or the place or the event using vivid images that refer to the smell, touch, sound, taste, personality, and behavior, also, person job or hobbies, and you describe what you feel about the person throughout the use of all these categories.
• In narrative writing, the reader is perfectly capable to tell you the plot of the story, while in descriptive writing there does not have to be a plot, but something has become very easy for the reader to visualize.	• Descriptive writing vividly portrays a person, place, or thing in such a way that the reader can visualize the topic and enter into the writer’s experience.
• Narrative writing tells a story or part of a story.	• Descriptive writing vividly portrays a person, place, or thing in such a way that the reader can visualize the topic and enter into the writer’s experience.
• Narrative writing appears in and is not limited to novels, short stories, biographies, autobiographies, historical accounts, essays, poems, and plays.	• Descriptive writing appears almost everywhere and is often included in other genre, such as in a descriptive introduction of a character in a narrative.
• The general characteristics of descriptive writing include: - elaborate use of sensory language - rich, vivid, and lively detail - figurative language such as simile, hyperbole, metaphor,    symbolism and personification - showing, rather than telling through the use of  active verbs and precise modifiers	• The general characteristics of narrative writing include: - plot structure - conflict - characterization - setting - theme - point of view - sequencing - transitions